The palace statement, which appeared in the Royal Gazette, read: "Princess Srirasmi, wife of Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn... has written to respectfully resign from her status in the royal family and permission has been granted by His Majesty the King."
Srirasmi is the crown prince's third wife, and the pair married in 2001. They have a son.
He was already known to be estranged from the princess, although they continued to attend official functions together.
The princess's uncle, a police general, was arrested over accusations of amassing vast wealth through smuggling and gambling rackets.
Four of her siblings and two other relatives have also been held.
Srirasmi would have been expected to become queen when the crown prince succeeded his father.
The pivotal position of the monarchy in Thailand's political order makes the succession an extremely sensitive issue.