qPCR. Material stored at 280 uC was finely ground in liquid N2 and
600 mg rice or 200 mg haulms was used for DNA extraction using
a CTAB protocol as described at http://gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
summaries/TC1507-DNAextrc.pdf. DNA was spectrophotometrically
quantified by measuring OD at 260 nm.
The iCycler IQ System (Bio-Rad) was used for amplification and
melting curve analysis. The following were used as primers: FGtub
forward (59-GGTCTCGACAGCAATGGTGTT-39) and FGtub reverse
(59-GCTTGTGTTTTTCGTGGCAGT-39) (Reischer et al., 2004) for F.
graminearum, FculC561 forward (59-CACCGTCATTGGTATGTTGTCACT-
39) and FculC614 reverse (59-CGGGAGCGTCTGATAGTCG-
39) (Nicolaisen et al., 2009) for F. culmorum, and tef1 (Gruber et al.,
2011) for Trichoderma. SYBR Green was used as dye for the qPCR
analysis.