Pyripyropenes and phenylpyropenes are subclasses of meroterpenes existing in the filamentous fungi genuses Aspergillus and Penicillium. These compounds are biogenetically derived from a hybrid of polyketide and terpenoid. Their structures consist of three parts: a pyridine/phenyl ring, an α-pyrone and a sesquiterpene motif. After they were first isolated in 1994, 19 pyripyropenes were shown to be effective as acyl-CoA/cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors and are predicted to be useful in the prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.1–5 Because of their structural novelty and promising biological properties, pyripyropenes are attractive targets for synthetic and biological study, with over 300 chemical derivatives synthesized for studies of ACAT inhibitory activity and structure-activity relationships.6–15 In addition, pyripyropenes have been found to have anticancer16,17 and anti-insect activity.18,19 Compared with the comprehensive study of pyripyropenes, much less research has been conducted on the discovery and investigation of phenylpyropenes. Until now, only four phenylpyropenes A–D that displayed ACAT inhibitory activity have been reported.20–22 Further research showed that phenylpyropene C can inhibit the inducible expression of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS and the cytokine TNF-α in various cell lines