Competitive
aggression
Competitive
pacification
Public relations
Voluntary action
Legal action
Political actionIndependent Action
Definition
Exploiting a distinctive competence or improving
internal efficiency for competitive advantage
Independent action to improve relations with
competitors
Establishing and maintaining favorable images in the
minds of those making up the environment
Voluntary commitment to various interest groups,
causes, and social problems
Company engages in private legal battle with
competition
Efforts to influence elected representatives to create a
more favorable business environment