Cancer is one of the major killer diseases to threaten human
lives. Nowadays, the discovery and development of anticancer
drugs and gene therapy for cancer treatment are becoming more
efficient due to rapid expansion of knowledge in elucidating the
molecular biology of cancers and the availability of complete
sequence information of human genomes. Targeted therapy is one
of recently developed approaches to minimize the side effect and
improve cancer treatment efficiency by developing targeted drugs
to influence the action or activity of a specific signal pathway or
delivering therapeutic genes into the chromosomes of cancer cells
so as to regulate or replace abnormal genes [1].
Although gene therapy has been proven to be crucial for the
treatment of cancers [2], it is difficult to obtain satisfactory effi-
ciency by using naked DNA since gene transfer in eukaryotic cells is
a multiple-step process, in which naked DNA can be easily digested.
Therefore,the development of safe, efficient and specific DNAdelivery
vectors for transporting appropriate genes to specific cells or
tissues, where they can replace defective genes and be translated
into desired proteins, is one of the key strategies in modern gene
therapy. Chitosan has been considered to be a potential gene carrier
since it is known as a biocompatible, biodegradable, and low
Cancer is one of the major killer diseases to threaten humanlives. Nowadays, the discovery and development of anticancerdrugs and gene therapy for cancer treatment are becoming moreefficient due to rapid expansion of knowledge in elucidating themolecular biology of cancers and the availability of completesequence information of human genomes. Targeted therapy is oneof recently developed approaches to minimize the side effect andimprove cancer treatment efficiency by developing targeted drugsto influence the action or activity of a specific signal pathway ordelivering therapeutic genes into the chromosomes of cancer cellsso as to regulate or replace abnormal genes [1].Although gene therapy has been proven to be crucial for thetreatment of cancers [2], it is difficult to obtain satisfactory effi-ciency by using naked DNA since gene transfer in eukaryotic cells isa multiple-step process, in which naked DNA can be easily digested.Therefore,the development of safe, efficient and specific DNAdeliveryvectors for transporting appropriate genes to specific cells ortissues, where they can replace defective genes and be translatedinto desired proteins, is one of the key strategies in modern genetherapy. Chitosan has been considered to be a potential gene carriersince it is known as a biocompatible, biodegradable, and low
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