Another capital aspect of multimodal transportation systems
worth more consideration is the transshipment of loads at terminals
and its effects on the performance of the whole system. Transshipment
is usually implicit in multimodal transportation tactical
planning, though feasibility of operations, especially in the presence
of fixed timetables depends on explicit study of transshipment
operations and their related costs. Meng and Wang (2011b)
only impose a constraint on maximum berth occupancy time for
each ship deployment plan, and Anghinolfi, Paolucci, Sacone, and
Siri (2011) also include a restriction on maximum handling operations
for each train at a given terminal. Still, these research works
do not assess any explicit costs to these operations.