Backup: The process of periodically copying of the database and log file (and possibly programs) to offline storage media.
A DBMS should provide backup facilities to assist with the recovery of a database in the case of failure.
Journaling : The process of keeping and maintaining a log file (or journal) of all changes made to the database to enable recovery to be undertaken effectively in the event of a failure.
A DBMS should provide logging facilities that keep track of the current state of transactions and database changes to provide support for recovery procedures.