Moreover, our results are also significant for user resistance research. The two unintended consequences of system implementations,
decreasing job satisfaction and increasing turnover intention, represent additional forms of user resistance beyond
those already identified and discussed in prior research (e.g., intention to resist, sabotage, workarounds, see Ferneley
and Sobreperez, 2006). If an individual is threatened by the new technology but has to use it as demanded by management,
observable consequences and behaviors are, according to our results, work-related ones, such as decreasing job satisfaction
and increasing turnover intention. Thus, the intention to quit and the resulting voluntary turnover is another example of user
resistance behavior during the implementation of new information systems. Moreover, decreasing job satisfaction represents
an additional attitude and both are observable variables of user resistance.
Future research might consider both variables as important aspects of user resistance studies and employ job satisfaction
as an attitudinal response of negative system perceptions and turnover as a behavioral one, since both variables
are observable in the pre- and post-implementation phases. Although we show the mediated impact on turnover intention,
we were not able to control for actual voluntary turnover within our study, as this would require a longitudinal
research setting and we performed only a single-point study. Future research might also include actual voluntary turnover
into our model and show the influence of system implementations on voluntary turnover. Nonetheless, research
with other organizations (Laumer et al., 2012) show that employees indeed quit their jobs after a while when they feel
threatened by the implementation of a new information system. Another important aspect for future research is to identify
and discuss additional work-related consequences such as commitment to change and the impact of system implementations
on these variables.