worker safety and increased productivity. A 1996 survey of 40 corporate energy managers from large companies indicated that only 12 percent of these managers focus solely on energy, with
the majority also responsible for issues such as water, waste disposal, environmental compliance, facility design and management, fire and safety (Shepard 19’36). Since most projects that yield energy efficiency improvements impact some of these other issues, the decision-making process will involve an evaluation of all these issues together (Elliott, Pye and Nadel 1996).