This paper reports the FSP synthesis of aluminium oxide and iron (Fe) doped aluminium oxide nanoparticles. The effect of different molar ratios of iron doping on the particle properties were studied. The structure and physico-chemical properties of produced powders were characterized with the zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. In addition, the efficiency of the synthesized particles for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution was also studied. Fluoride was selected as a model pollutant in this study because elevated concentrations (higher than 1.5 mg·L−1) of fluoride in drinking water cause harmful health effects to humans such as, skeletal fluorosis, causing debilitating bone structure disease, as well as discoloration and mottling of teeth, cancer or adverse effects on the brain and kidney. High fluoride concentrations in drinking water have affected millions