The following sections elucidate participants’ preinstruction and postinstruction views of
the target aspects of NOS. In these sections, a coding system is used to refer to participants. The
codes “U” and “G” refer to undergraduate and graduate participants, respectively. The number
following a “U” or “G” refers to an individual participant. Table 1 presents a summary of results from the study. The table shows the percentage of students who held adequate views of
NOS before and after instruction for each of the elements emphasized in the course.