The dry bulk density of soil was measured using undisturbed soil core samples and soil structure and texture were
measured using disturbed soil samples. The sampling sites were as same as those for infiltration measurements (11
plots). Undisturbed soil samples were taken using thin-walled samplers (volume: 100 cm3
, inner diameter: 5 cm,
height: 5.1 cm). The sharpened edge of the sampler was inserted vertically into 0–10 cm of the soil profile in each
plot. During the process of insertion, roots and organic material were carefully severed from the soil layer around
the sampler. Bulk density was measured as the mass of the 100 cm3 core samples after drying for 24 h at 105°C.
Particle density was measured using the pycnometer method, and total porosity was calculated as 1 – (bulk
density/particle density). Soil structure and texture were determined by qualitative analysis in the laboratory.