RHC
The patients received RHC according to the transjugular approach using a 7Fr quadruple-lumen balloon-tipped flow-directed Swan-Ganz catheter (Edwards Lifesciences; Irvine, CA, USA). PAP was monitored and averaged over several respiratory cycles during spontaneous breathing. sPAP, mPAP, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, and right atrial pressure were measured.