Many researchers have reported on the non-thermal
phenomena that have been broadly termed “microwave effects”.
Examples of the microwave effect include enhanced reaction rates
of thermosetting resins during microwave curing (Marand, Baker,
& Graybeal, 1992) and faster densification rates in ceramics sintering
(Janney & Kimrey, 1991). Although there is considerable debate
over the existence of microwave effects, many papers present
unexpected results that do not seem to be a consequence of reduced
thermal gradients which is within microwave processed materials.
Critics of the microwave effect often claim that differences can
be attributed to poor temperature measurement and control of