Why do we sleep?
So why do we sleep? This is a question that has baffled scientists for centuries and the
answer is, no one is really sure. Some believe that sleep gives the body a chance to
recuperate from the day's activities but in reality, the amount of energy saved by
sleeping for even eight hours is miniscule - about 50 kCal, the same amount of energy
in a piece of toast.
We have to sleep because it is essential to maintaining normal levels of cognitive
skills such as speech, memory, innovative and flexible thinking. In other words, sleep
plays a significant role in brain development.
What would happen if we didn't sleep?
A good way to understand the role of sleep is to look at what would happen if we
didn't sleep. Lack of sleep has serious effects on our brain’s ability to function. If
you've ever pulled an all-nighter, you'll be familiar with the following after-effects:
KAEL 211 Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus
12
grumpiness, grogginess, irritability and forgetfulness. After just one night without
sleep, concentration becomes more difficult and attention span shortens considerably.
With continued lack of sufficient sleep, the part of the brain that controls
language, memory, planning and sense of time is severely affected, practically
shutting down. In fact, 17 hours of sustained wakefulness leads to a decrease in
performance equivalent to a blood alcohol level of 0.05% (two glasses of wine). This
is the legal drink driving limit in the UK.
Research also shows that sleep-deprived individuals often have difficulty in
responding to rapidly changing situations and making rational judgements. In real life
situations, the consequences are grave and lack of sleep is said to have been be a
contributory factor to a number of international disasters such as Exxon Valdez,
Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and the Challenger shuttle explosion.
Sleep deprivation not only has a major impact on cognitive functioning but also on
emotional and physical health. Disorders such as sleep apnoea which result in
excessive daytime sleepiness have been linked to stress and high blood pressure.
Research has also suggested that sleep loss may increase the risk of obesity because
chemicals and hormones that play a key role in controlling appetite and weight gain
are released during sleep.
What happens when we sleep?
What happens every time we get a bit of shut eye? Sleep occurs in a recurring cycle of
90 to 110 minutes and is divided into two categories: non-REM (which is further split
into four stages) and REM sleep.
Non-REM sleep
Stage one: Light Sleep
During the first stage of sleep, we're half awake and half asleep. Our muscle activity
slows down and slight twitching may occur. This is a period of light sleep, meaning
we can be awakened easily at this stage.
Stage two: True Sleep
Within ten minutes of light sleep, we enter stage two, which lasts around 20 minutes.
The breathing pattern and heart rate start to slow down. This period accounts for the
largest part of human sleep.
Stages three and four: Deep Sleep
During stage three, the brain begins to produce delta waves, a type of wave that is
large (high amplitude) and slow (low frequency). Breathing and heart rate are at their
lowest levels.
Stage four is characterised by rhythmic breathing and limited muscle activity. If we
are awakened during deep sleep we do not adjust immediately and often feel groggy
KAEL 211 Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus
13
and disoriented for several minutes after waking up. Some children experience bedwetting,
night terrors, or sleepwalking during this stage.
REM sleep
The first rapid eye movement (REM) period usually begins about 70 to 90 minutes
after we fall asleep. We have around three to five REM episodes a night.
Although we are not conscious, the brain is very active - often more so than when we
are awake. This is the period when most dreams occur. Our eyes dart around (hence
the name), our breathing rate and blood pressure rise. However, our bodies are
effectively paralysed, said to be nature's way of preventing us from acting out our
dreams.
After REM sleep, the whole cycle begins again.
How much sleep is required?
There is no set amount of time that everyone needs to sleep, since it varies from
person to person. Results from the sleep profiler indicate that people like to sleep
anywhere between 5 and 11 hours, with the average being 7.75 hours.
Jim Horne from Loughborough University's Sleep Research Centre has a simple
answer though: "The amount of sleep we require is what we need not to be sleepy in
the daytime."
The current world record for the longest period without sleep is 11 days, set by Randy
Gardner in 1965. Four days into the research, he began hallucinating. This was
followed by a delusion where he thought he was a famous footballer. Surprisingly,
Randy was actually functioning quite well at the end of his research and he could still
beat the scientist at pinball.
Why do we sleep?
So why do we sleep? This is a question that has baffled scientists for centuries and the
answer is, no one is really sure. Some believe that sleep gives the body a chance to
recuperate from the day's activities but in reality, the amount of energy saved by
sleeping for even eight hours is miniscule - about 50 kCal, the same amount of energy
in a piece of toast.
We have to sleep because it is essential to maintaining normal levels of cognitive
skills such as speech, memory, innovative and flexible thinking. In other words, sleep
plays a significant role in brain development.
What would happen if we didn't sleep?
A good way to understand the role of sleep is to look at what would happen if we
didn't sleep. Lack of sleep has serious effects on our brain’s ability to function. If
you've ever pulled an all-nighter, you'll be familiar with the following after-effects:
KAEL 211 Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus
12
grumpiness, grogginess, irritability and forgetfulness. After just one night without
sleep, concentration becomes more difficult and attention span shortens considerably.
With continued lack of sufficient sleep, the part of the brain that controls
language, memory, planning and sense of time is severely affected, practically
shutting down. In fact, 17 hours of sustained wakefulness leads to a decrease in
performance equivalent to a blood alcohol level of 0.05% (two glasses of wine). This
is the legal drink driving limit in the UK.
Research also shows that sleep-deprived individuals often have difficulty in
responding to rapidly changing situations and making rational judgements. In real life
situations, the consequences are grave and lack of sleep is said to have been be a
contributory factor to a number of international disasters such as Exxon Valdez,
Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and the Challenger shuttle explosion.
Sleep deprivation not only has a major impact on cognitive functioning but also on
emotional and physical health. Disorders such as sleep apnoea which result in
excessive daytime sleepiness have been linked to stress and high blood pressure.
Research has also suggested that sleep loss may increase the risk of obesity because
chemicals and hormones that play a key role in controlling appetite and weight gain
are released during sleep.
What happens when we sleep?
What happens every time we get a bit of shut eye? Sleep occurs in a recurring cycle of
90 to 110 minutes and is divided into two categories: non-REM (which is further split
into four stages) and REM sleep.
Non-REM sleep
Stage one: Light Sleep
During the first stage of sleep, we're half awake and half asleep. Our muscle activity
slows down and slight twitching may occur. This is a period of light sleep, meaning
we can be awakened easily at this stage.
Stage two: True Sleep
Within ten minutes of light sleep, we enter stage two, which lasts around 20 minutes.
The breathing pattern and heart rate start to slow down. This period accounts for the
largest part of human sleep.
Stages three and four: Deep Sleep
During stage three, the brain begins to produce delta waves, a type of wave that is
large (high amplitude) and slow (low frequency). Breathing and heart rate are at their
lowest levels.
Stage four is characterised by rhythmic breathing and limited muscle activity. If we
are awakened during deep sleep we do not adjust immediately and often feel groggy
KAEL 211 Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus
13
and disoriented for several minutes after waking up. Some children experience bedwetting,
night terrors, or sleepwalking during this stage.
REM sleep
The first rapid eye movement (REM) period usually begins about 70 to 90 minutes
after we fall asleep. We have around three to five REM episodes a night.
Although we are not conscious, the brain is very active - often more so than when we
are awake. This is the period when most dreams occur. Our eyes dart around (hence
the name), our breathing rate and blood pressure rise. However, our bodies are
effectively paralysed, said to be nature's way of preventing us from acting out our
dreams.
After REM sleep, the whole cycle begins again.
How much sleep is required?
There is no set amount of time that everyone needs to sleep, since it varies from
person to person. Results from the sleep profiler indicate that people like to sleep
anywhere between 5 and 11 hours, with the average being 7.75 hours.
Jim Horne from Loughborough University's Sleep Research Centre has a simple
answer though: "The amount of sleep we require is what we need not to be sleepy in
the daytime."
The current world record for the longest period without sleep is 11 days, set by Randy
Gardner in 1965. Four days into the research, he began hallucinating. This was
followed by a delusion where he thought he was a famous footballer. Surprisingly,
Randy was actually functioning quite well at the end of his research and he could still
beat the scientist at pinball.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
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ทำไมเราต้องนอน ?
ทำไมเรานอน นี่เป็นคำถามที่นักวิทยาศาสตร์ได้งงงันมานานหลายศตวรรษและ
ตอบคือ ไม่มีใครแน่ใจจริงๆ . บางคนเชื่อว่า การนอนหลับจะช่วยให้ร่างกายมีโอกาส
พักฟื้นจากกิจกรรมของวัน แต่ในความเป็นจริงแล้ว ปริมาณของพลังงานที่บันทึกไว้โดย
นอนได้แปดชั่วโมงจ้อน - 50 กิโลแคลอรีปริมาณที่เท่ากันของพลังงาน
ในส่วนของขนมปังปิ้งWe have to sleep because it is essential to maintaining normal levels of cognitive
skills such as speech, memory, innovative and flexible thinking. In other words, sleep
plays a significant role in brain development.
What would happen if we didn't sleep?
A good way to understand the role of sleep is to look at what would happen if we
didn't sleep. Lack of sleep has serious effects on our brain’s ability to function. If
you've ever pulled an all-nighter, you'll be familiar with the following after-effects:
KAEL 211 Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus
12
grumpiness, grogginess, irritability and forgetfulness. After just one night without
sleep, concentration becomes more difficult and attention span shortens considerably.
กับการขาดอย่างต่อเนื่องของการนอนที่เพียงพอ สมองส่วนที่ควบคุม
ภาษา , หน่วยความจำ , การวางแผนและความรู้สึกของเวลาได้รับผลกระทบอย่างรุนแรง หากลุ่ม
ถูกปิด ในความเป็นจริง , 17 ชั่วโมงของการตื่นตัวอย่างยั่งยืน นำไปสู่การลดลงใน
ประสิทธิภาพเทียบเท่ากับแอลกอฮอล์ในเลือดอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 % ( ไวน์สองแก้ว ) นี้เป็นกฎหมายเมาแล้วขับ จำกัด
ใน UKการวิจัยยังแสดงให้เห็นว่าไม่ได้นอนเลยบุคคลมักจะมีความยากลำบากในการตอบสนองการเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างรวดเร็ว
สถานการณ์และให้เหตุผลในการตัดสินใจ . ในสถานการณ์ชีวิต
จริง ผลที่ตามมาจะร้ายแรงและขาดนอนกล่าวได้รับเป็น
ปัจจัยเสริมให้จำนวนของภัยพิบัติระหว่างประเทศเช่นเอ็กซอนวาลเดซ
, เชอร์โนบิล , เกาะสามไมล์ และรถรับส่ง
ผู้ท้าชิงระเบิดการกีดกันการนอนหลับไม่เพียงมีผลกระทบที่สำคัญในขบวนการคิดแต่ยัง
ทางอารมณ์และร่างกายสุขภาพ ความผิดปกติ เช่น ตราบใดที่ผลซึ่ง
ง่วงมากเกินไปตอนกลางวันได้ถูกเชื่อมโยงกับความเครียด ความดันสูง มีงานวิจัยที่ชี้ให้เห็นว่าหลับ
การสูญเสียอาจเพิ่มความเสี่ยงของโรคอ้วน
สารเคมีและฮอร์โมนที่มีบทบาทสำคัญในการควบคุมความอยากอาหารและน้ำหนักออกในระหว่างหลับ
.
เกิดอะไรขึ้นเมื่อเรานอน
สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นทุกครั้งที่เราได้รับบิตของปิดตา ? นอนเกิดขึ้นในอีกรอบของ
90 ถึง 110 นาที และจะแบ่งออกเป็นสองประเภท : Non REM ( ซึ่งเป็น
แยกต่อไปใน 4 ขั้นตอน ) และการนอนหลับ REM การนอนหลับ REM
.
บนเวทีหนึ่งนอน
: แสงDuring the first stage of sleep, we're half awake and half asleep. Our muscle activity
slows down and slight twitching may occur. This is a period of light sleep, meaning
we can be awakened easily at this stage.
Stage two: True Sleep
Within ten minutes of light sleep, we enter stage two, which lasts around 20 minutes.
The breathing pattern and heart rate start to slow down. This period accounts for the
largest part of human sleep.
Stages three and four: Deep Sleep
During stage three, the brain begins to produce delta waves, a type of wave that is
large (high amplitude) and slow (low frequency). Breathing and heart rate are at their
lowest levels.
Stage four is characterised by rhythmic breathing and limited muscle activity. If we
are awakened during deep sleep we do not adjust immediately and often feel groggy
KAEL 211 Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus
13
and disoriented for several minutes after waking up. Some children experience bedwetting,
night terrors, or sleepwalking during this stage.
REM sleep
The first rapid eye movement (REM) period usually begins about 70 to 90 minutes
after we fall asleep. We have around three to five REM episodes a night.
Although we are not conscious, the brain is very active - often more so than when we
are awake. This is the period when most dreams occur. Our eyes dart around (hence
the name), our breathing rate and blood pressure rise. However, our bodies are
effectively paralysed, said to be nature's way of preventing us from acting out our
dreams.
After REM sleep, the whole cycle begins again.
How much sleep is required?
There is no set amount of time that everyone needs to sleep, since it varies from
person to person. Results from the sleep profiler indicate that people like to sleep
anywhere between 5 and 11 hours, with the average being 7.75 hours.
Jim Horne from Loughborough University's Sleep Research Centre has a simple
ตอบนะ : " ปริมาณของการนอนหลับที่เราต้องเป็นสิ่งที่เราต้องการที่จะไม่ง่วงนอนในตอนกลางวัน
" ปัจจุบันโลกบันทึกสำหรับช่วงเวลาที่ยาวที่สุดโดยไม่นอน 11 วัน ตั้งโดยแรนดี้
Gardner ในปี 1965 สี่วันในการวิจัย เขาเริ่มเห็นภาพหลอน นี้คือ
ตามด้วยความหลงที่เขาคิดว่าเขาเป็นนักฟุตบอลที่มีชื่อเสียง จู่ ๆ
Randy was actually functioning quite well at the end of his research and he could still
beat the scientist at pinball.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
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