From the range of studies presented here, it is clear that research
into nanoparticle-protein interactions is a dynamic area but there
is much still to be done. There also appears to be considerable
contradiction in terms of the findings, with for example, increased
protein stability upon binding reported for some protein-nanoparticle
pairs and protein destabilization reported for other protein-nanoparticle
pairs. Also, the effects of nanoparticles on protein fibrillation seem
to be nanoparticle-protein pair specific. Thus, we are some way from
general paradigms as yet, although the nanoparticle-protein corona
as the biological identity of nanoparticles does appear to be an overarching effect, with the potential to unify various findings into a
general approach to characterizing nanoparticle-protein interactions