The survey items shown at the top of Table 3 . Deceitful Practices and Subtle Practices result in a two-factor model that displays a non-significant chis-quare value and values that are greater than or equal to the 0.90 recommended minimum for the GFI, CFI and NNFI. The reliability coefficients are above the 0.60 minimum recommended by Nunnally 1978 for exploratory research, suggesting construct reliability. Convergent validity is evidenced by the high standardized factor loadings Gerbing and Anderson, . 1988 . In addition, there are no large normalized residuals. Finally, a chi-square difference test was used to assess discriminant validity Bagozzi and . Phillips, 1982; Anderson and Gerbing, 1988 . The chi-square difference value between these two models is significant at p-0.0001 32.13, 1 df , indicating discriminant validity. Together, these findings suggest an excellent fit of the data to the measurement model.