Only three ethnic groups of highland people are found in the two neighbourhoods under study. The Lisu live in Hua Fai the Akha are in Kamphaeng Ngam, and Lahu are found in both. Surveys made by Prasit and other reveal that female Lisu (264) significantly outnumber males (177). For the Akha and Lahu, the number of female compared to male migrants is not much different; although for the Lahu, the number of males is higher than females (Akha489: 531, Lahu 351: 435) (Prasit Leephrecha, Kwancheewan Bua-dang and Panadda Bunyasaranai 2003).