The 1997 financial crises (currency and banking; sometimes called the twin crisis) in East and Southeast Asia, together with their severe economic consequences in these countries, have led to substantial literature on the causes, on sets, evolutions, and economic consequences, as well as the appropriate (or inappropriate) policy responses both at the level of the domestic authorities in the crises countries and the international organizations, notably the policy prescriptions as the conditionality for an assistance in the IMF programs.