Relative to gasoline the AP reduces fossil fuel use by 55%.
The higher fossil fuel use in AP is a result of hydrogen production and the use of natural gas during SMR (0.50 MJ MJ
1).
Ancillary chemicals manufacturing also consumes fossil fuels (enzymes and ammonia production), but it is not as high as in the EP due to the higher ethanol yield in the AP.
In total, the AP process uses 0.61 MJ MJ 1.
The avoided production of marginal electricity generates a credit (0.06 MJ MJ 1) that reduces the overall fossil fuel
use.