The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was passed in 1922 on the basis of the recommendations made by the B.Shantilal Shah committee. An event of great significance is the declaration by the United Nations of 1974 as the World Population Year and the United Nations World Population Conference at Bucharest , Romania. The major theme that emerged from the Bucharest meeting was that population policy and programme must be pursued in the context of development and that population growth and development were integrated. This idea was reflected in the National Population Policy of India [1976], whose important components were:
The Government proposed legislation to raise the minimum age of marriage. The child marriage Restraint Act 1921, [popularly known as the Shardha Act] prescribed 15 as the minimum age for girls and 18 for boys. This Act was amended and the age of marriage was raised to 18 and 21. The policy provided that if this provision was violated, severe punishment would be awarded by an officer not below the rank of sub-divisional magistrate. The question of making the registration of marriages compulsory was also considered.
Sterilisation was compulsory but it was left to the States to have their own legislation. The upper limit of a family was three children, applicable to all citizens without distinction of caste, creed or religion.
Family planning had a political impact also. A fall in population reduced the number of seats in parliament. This affected the interests of the States, which were not keen to implement the programme. The population policy stipulated that the representation in the Lok Sabha be frozen on the basis of the 1971 population till 2001. This meant that the census of 1981 and 1991 would not be considered for the adjustment of the Lok Sabha seats . Constitutional amendments were made for this purpose.
Central Government assistance to the States was linked to the population of 1971 for the next 25 years. This inspired the State Governments to effectively implement family planning programmes. According to the formula, 60 percent of the plan assistance was given on the basis of the population of 1971.Eight percent of the Central assistance was specifically set aside for performance in family planning.
The monetary compensation for sterilization was raised to Rs. 150 if performed after two children,Rs.100 after three children and Rs.70 after four or more.
The Government announced special measures to raise the level of the women’s education in all States.
Group incentives to medical parctitioners, teachers at various levels, co-operative societies and zilla and panchayat samithis were proposed. In order to rope in voluntary agencies, a rebate was given in income tax for amounts donated for family planning to the local bodies or any registered voluntary organization approved for this purpose. The population policy sought to make necessary changes in the service and conduct rules of Central Government employees to make them adopt the small family norm.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was passed in 1922 on the basis of the recommendations made by the B.Shantilal Shah committee. An event of great significance is the declaration by the United Nations of 1974 as the World Population Year and the United Nations World Population Conference at Bucharest , Romania. The major theme that emerged from the Bucharest meeting was that population policy and programme must be pursued in the context of development and that population growth and development were integrated. This idea was reflected in the National Population Policy of India [1976], whose important components were:The Government proposed legislation to raise the minimum age of marriage. The child marriage Restraint Act 1921, [popularly known as the Shardha Act] prescribed 15 as the minimum age for girls and 18 for boys. This Act was amended and the age of marriage was raised to 18 and 21. The policy provided that if this provision was violated, severe punishment would be awarded by an officer not below the rank of sub-divisional magistrate. The question of making the registration of marriages compulsory was also considered.Sterilisation was compulsory but it was left to the States to have their own legislation. The upper limit of a family was three children, applicable to all citizens without distinction of caste, creed or religion.Family planning had a political impact also. A fall in population reduced the number of seats in parliament. This affected the interests of the States, which were not keen to implement the programme. The population policy stipulated that the representation in the Lok Sabha be frozen on the basis of the 1971 population till 2001. This meant that the census of 1981 and 1991 would not be considered for the adjustment of the Lok Sabha seats . Constitutional amendments were made for this purpose.Central Government assistance to the States was linked to the population of 1971 for the next 25 years. This inspired the State Governments to effectively implement family planning programmes. According to the formula, 60 percent of the plan assistance was given on the basis of the population of 1971.Eight percent of the Central assistance was specifically set aside for performance in family planning.The monetary compensation for sterilization was raised to Rs. 150 if performed after two children,Rs.100 after three children and Rs.70 after four or more.The Government announced special measures to raise the level of the women’s education in all States.Group incentives to medical parctitioners, teachers at various levels, co-operative societies and zilla and panchayat samithis were proposed. In order to rope in voluntary agencies, a rebate was given in income tax for amounts donated for family planning to the local bodies or any registered voluntary organization approved for this purpose. The population policy sought to make necessary changes in the service and conduct rules of Central Government employees to make them adopt the small family norm.
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