Art is a combination of knowledge and skills. Art keeps changing and basically is the application of theoretical principles by science to get excellent results. Management at times is described as an art that how managerial principles can be applied in real world situations. it consists of the following aspects:
Practical knowledge: Managers do have practical knowledge of the domain, also they know how to apply it. they know the pros and cons of any act as they know that only knowledge is not enough, but one should know how to apply it as well.
Personal Skills: Peculiar abilities which you own are not held by every other person. E.g. Painters paint the similar things in a different manner. It varies form person to person. Some may paint it effectively while others may not catch attention. Similarly every manager has personal skills as well while applying managerial principles, on the basis of his experience which might fetch better results or fail.
creativity: The act if making something in a efficient way and a different manner, and using it in such a way to manage, is creativity. it is based in creativity and intelligence of a person.
Vision is definite and based on the facts, it is one's destiny.
Management is also a collection of human and non human resources by using them in a different manner to achieve desired objectives.
practice: Practice makes man perfect. No one is born a true artist. in the same way, no one learns to manage right out of the womb. they furnish their skills over the time through practice.
Goal oriented: Managerial activities are always goal based, directed towards achievement of results. for this very purpose, various resources human and non human resources are blended so the ability of managers of using available resources brings it near to arts.
While, it is also known as a science because it focuses on the following:
Principles: management comprises of universally accepted principles, that is why a many believe that it is a science.
E.g. rewarding and employee for good performance.
Experimentation and observation: First, managers observe some new techniques then employ them in business to check results, so they can eventually be adopted or avoided.
cause and effect relation: Science is based on cause and effect relationship as it is always based on finding relationships between the variables.
E.g. heating a metal. Satisfactory performance of employees in any organization is a result of a positive working condition and the two variables are performance and working conditions.
test of validity and predictability:Validity means soundness. in science soundness of the scientific principles can be verified at any given time and they provide similar results every time and in near future probable events can be predicted by using such principles.
In management the validity of principles can be established by applying them in different solutions and matching the outcome with the original result.
For example, one of the principles in Management is unity of command. if it is tested in a situation where an employee has to work under two bosses and in situation where employee has to perform under 1 boss, their performance will be different from each other.