The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), in the USA, requires programs (in this case for early education teachers) to develop teachers who are “engaging in continuous, collaborative learning to inform practice; using technology effectively with young children, with peers, and as a professional resource,” and also who are “integrating knowledgeable, reflective, and critical perspectives on early education” (National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2012: 39).