Transcription factor binding sites in the HIV LTR. Schematic of the U3, R and U5 regions of the HIV LTR showing the modulatory, enhancer and
basal regions of the U3 and the transcriptional start site at the junction of the U3 and R region. The transcription factor binding sites are shown as grey
boxes. Key sites that are critical for HIV replication and latency include the NF-kB, SP1, nuclear factor of activated T cells, activating protein-1, Ying Yang 1
sites.