Batch fermentation was performed in a 5 L fermenter (Bioflo
110, USA) with a working volume of 2 L. After inoculation of 200 ml
secondary seed culture, filtered nitrogen gas was bubbled through
the production medium for 15 min to remove oxygen. The temperature of fermentation broth was maintained at 35 ◦C and the
agitation speed was controlled at 150 rpm. Samples were taken regularly and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min. Supernatants were
used for the analysis of ABE and glucose. All batch fermentations
were triplicated, and averages of parameters were reported.