Pangman’s 1994 patent, Figure 6, depicts a concentric
rotor with an elliptical stator cam profile [27]. A vane pin
and associated end-plate cam carries the vane’s radial
load and positions the vane. This design incorporates a
plasma bleed between two adjacent chambers near top
dead center for continuous ignition. A similar design is
shown by Mallen and Mallen et al. in 1996 with a
concentric rotor and stator with the cam surface in the
stator [28,29]. The end plates have a grooved cam for
the pinned vane for positioning the vane. The design
illustrates 18 vanes with no vane tip sealing, claiming
that leakage from a higher pressure chamber to a lower
pressure chamber is not detrimental to the engine
operation.