also interests on the efficacy of AL in a cultural setting that is quite different
from that of the West. A review of cross-cultural literature shows that countries
in Asia do differ from those in the West along various social dimensions, one of
which is a higher collectivistic value orientation (Bond, 1996; Hofstede, 1980).
Such an orientation is often expressed through greater prominence of group
issues, such as heightened group identity and willingness to exert extra effort
to meet group needs (Earley, 1993; Wagner, 1995). Therefore, it was not
surprising that collectivism was found to interact with AL experiences to
produce positive teamwork attitudinal changes (Ng, 2000).