However, a more direct test of medication effects is a counterbalanced cross over design whereby the same group of participants completes the task on and off medication (Spohn & Strauss, 1989), and this has not yet been conducted. Other studies in healthy individuals have found that antianxiety medications can blunt the startle response (Patrick, Berthot, & Moore, 1996); none of the participants in the current study were taking this type of medication.