Even with the SMR water consumption, the AP freshwater use is lower than the EP demonstrating the benefit of a
higher conversion yield.
Freshwater use in both of the biofuel pathways is larger than for
gasoline. This could be a concern as lignocellulosic biofuels move
toward commercial scale production. Freshwater is a valuable
resource and identifying ways to reduce its use in biofuel production is a priority. A first step towards understanding water use
should be a more detailed analysis. Methodologies for addressing
water use are forthcoming[43]and this will be a focus of our future
research.