Introduction
The rising consciousness on the environmental implications and sustainable
growth has led to the research on alternative biochemical approach to replace the traditional petrochemical processes in fuel and chemical productions
[1]. In 2004, US Department of Energy (DOE) had identified 12 chemical building blocks which had the potential to be commercially produced via biological approach [2]. Till now, some of these listed chemical building blocks have already stepped into industrial scale via biological method while others remained in the research or pilot stage. Succinic acid, for example, had actually stepped into industrial scale via biological route since 2012 [3]. Biological succinate production is currently seen as economically competitive compared to petrochemical-derived succinate because of the cheap lignocellulosic feedstock, reasonable product concentration, productivity and yields
IntroductionThe rising consciousness on the environmental implications and sustainable growth has led to the research on alternative biochemical approach to replace the traditional petrochemical processes in fuel and chemical productions [1]. In 2004, US Department of Energy (DOE) had identified 12 chemical building blocks which had the potential to be commercially produced via biological approach [2]. Till now, some of these listed chemical building blocks have already stepped into industrial scale via biological method while others remained in the research or pilot stage. Succinic acid, for example, had actually stepped into industrial scale via biological route since 2012 [3]. Biological succinate production is currently seen as economically competitive compared to petrochemical-derived succinate because of the cheap lignocellulosic feedstock, reasonable product concentration, productivity and yields
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