the final type of adjustment made to net income to convert it to cash flow from operations relates to gains or losses reported on the accrual-basis income statement. such gains or losses ordinarily are related to the sale or disposal of property, plant, and equipment or of marketable securities. the income statement will report the difference between the proceeds(if any) from the asset's sale or disposal and the asset's carrying amount at the time of sale (net book value in the case of fixed assets). if the proceeds exceed the carrying amount, a gain will be reported; if the proceeds are less than the carrying amount, a loss will be reported.