The study sites were thirteen mangrove patches in the Darwin Region [34]. The area of mangrove at
each site was estimated from satellite photographs (1994 QuickBird satellite image–pan-sharpened
60 cm resolution) using ArcGIS 9.3. Birds were censuse using the variable width line transect method [35].
Transects were walked twice a month at all sites from February 2008 to May 2009.