In Eq. (3.5.6), pij is the probability in the i th rom and the jth column of the table, pi+ is the sum of the probabilities in the ith row, and p_(+j) is the sum of the probabilities in the jth column. It is found from the table that p_11=0.1 p_(1+) =0.2, and p_(+1)= 0.4 Hence, p_(11 )≠ p_(1+ ) p_(+1.)It follows immediately that X and Y cannot be independent.