Conclusion
The present study has demonstrated the acceptable nutritional value of the SSF-processed GOC as an ingredient in carp diet. An inclusion level of up to 40% (w/w) bio-processed GOC in the diet for L. rohita fingerlings depicted in the present report had no adverse effect on growth, feed utilization efficiency or body composition in comparison to the FM based reference diet, and was far supe- rior to the raw GOC at the equivalent level of inclusion. Moreover, incorporation of fermented GOC (replacing 45% of FM) would be cost effective as it is much cheaper than FM and involved low cost processing technique. However, it is early to recommend to the industry for use of fermented GOC in formulation of aquafeeds, as it demands further experimentation in the field condition with large number of fish and replicates. The potential benefit of the bio- processing strategy adopted in the present study are also worth to further investigations to ascertain their effects on fish nutri- tion and health before advocating their application in commercial aquaculture.