from arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Red River Delta,
Vietnam. Four villages were selected, including one reference village
and three contaminated villages with different levels of arsenic in the
groundwater. A total of 68 families were included in this study, providing
213 samples of hair and urine. Raw groundwater and sand-filtered
water were also collected from the family-owned wells. Total arsenic
was quantified in hair and the speciation of inorganic and organic arsenic
was thoroughly assessed in urine, including arsenobetaine (AB),
dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and
inorganic arsenic (IA; As(III) and As(V)).