among different local government units (LGUs) as long as they are within the ceilings that are prescribed under the law. They are also imposed at differential rates according to the location of the properties either within or outside of the city center.
For example, the basic real property tax rate was set at 0.1% – 0.5% of improved/market value (1% - 10% of annual value) for residential properties, 0.15% to 0.5% of market value (5% - 10% of annual value) for commercial and industrial properties. Agricultural property is imposed at lower rates compared to residential, commercial and industrial properties. The rate is highly dependent on the targeted amount of tax to be collected and also on the market/annual value of the property. The higher the market/annual value, the lower the tax rate will be imposed. Table 1 shows the rates for different type of properties imposed by local governments in Malaysia.
Table 1: The Property Tax Rate Imposed by Local Governments in Malaysia
Type of property
Annual Value
Improved Value
(Market Value)
Residential
5% - 13%
0.15% - 0.35%
Commercial
6% - 13%
0.2% - 0.5%
Industrial
6% – 13%
0.25% - 0.75%
Agricultural / Vacant Land
2% - 7%
0.05% - 0.25%
The valuation of real property for taxation is mostly carried out by the local government assessors themselves or via privatisation. These properties are subject to revaluation every five (5) years as stipulated by the Local Government Act 1976 with the approval by the State Governments. The local assessor then prepares the assessment roll that contains a list of all properties in the LGU and their current market/annual value. Property values are in accordance with a schedule that the assessor prepares for different classes of real properties. In theory, the process should be guided by principles of equity and uniformity.
Since revaluation of properties under the Local Government Act 1976 should be conducted every 5 years (even though in many circumstances, the revaluation is carried out after 10 – 20 years after the last revaluation), values are generally behind current values. Initial research found that there are inadequacies in tax administration such as lack of assessment tools and absence of technically qualified personnel. Valuation of the properties is carried out manually. All taxpayer’s records are kept in files and sorted by account number. Retrieving records are slow and property tax administrators are having problems to analyse and manipulate the data into statistical or meaningful information for decision making process. There have been investments in tax maps and computerisation in most Local Governments, but these computers are not directly used for the administration of the property taxation except for tax collection.
The tax starts to accrue on the first of January every year. The property tax bills are issued every half-yearly (every January and July) but can be paid in one payment with some discounts given by certain local governments.
among different local government units (LGUs) as long as they are within the ceilings that are prescribed under the law. They are also imposed at differential rates according to the location of the properties either within or outside of the city center.For example, the basic real property tax rate was set at 0.1% – 0.5% of improved/market value (1% - 10% of annual value) for residential properties, 0.15% to 0.5% of market value (5% - 10% of annual value) for commercial and industrial properties. Agricultural property is imposed at lower rates compared to residential, commercial and industrial properties. The rate is highly dependent on the targeted amount of tax to be collected and also on the market/annual value of the property. The higher the market/annual value, the lower the tax rate will be imposed. Table 1 shows the rates for different type of properties imposed by local governments in Malaysia.Table 1: The Property Tax Rate Imposed by Local Governments in MalaysiaType of propertyAnnual ValueImproved Value(Market Value)Residential5% - 13%0.15% - 0.35%Commercial6% - 13%0.2% - 0.5%Industrial6% – 13%0.25% - 0.75%Agricultural / Vacant Land2% - 7%0.05% - 0.25%The valuation of real property for taxation is mostly carried out by the local government assessors themselves or via privatisation. These properties are subject to revaluation every five (5) years as stipulated by the Local Government Act 1976 with the approval by the State Governments. The local assessor then prepares the assessment roll that contains a list of all properties in the LGU and their current market/annual value. Property values are in accordance with a schedule that the assessor prepares for different classes of real properties. In theory, the process should be guided by principles of equity and uniformity.Since revaluation of properties under the Local Government Act 1976 should be conducted every 5 years (even though in many circumstances, the revaluation is carried out after 10 – 20 years after the last revaluation), values are generally behind current values. Initial research found that there are inadequacies in tax administration such as lack of assessment tools and absence of technically qualified personnel. Valuation of the properties is carried out manually. All taxpayer’s records are kept in files and sorted by account number. Retrieving records are slow and property tax administrators are having problems to analyse and manipulate the data into statistical or meaningful information for decision making process. There have been investments in tax maps and computerisation in most Local Governments, but these computers are not directly used for the administration of the property taxation except for tax collection.The tax starts to accrue on the first of January every year. The property tax bills are issued every half-yearly (every January and July) but can be paid in one payment with some discounts given by certain local governments.
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