68 Entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial system
2 entrepreneurship is linked with innovation in general
3 entrepreneurship implies the creation of an organisation
4 entrepreneurship implies the creation of value
5 some limit the scope of entrepreneurship to the private sector, some
include the public sector
6 entrepreneurship is of interest to high-growth organisations
7 entrepreneurship implies something unique
8 entrepreneurship concerns owner-managers.
Gartner simply exposes the results of his factorial analysis, which we would like to comment upon. This factorial analysis relies largely on his judgement and interpretation. Gartner proceeded with an analysis of the contents in order to bring out ninety attributes associated with the definition of entrepreneurship. These attributes were evaluated according to Lickert’s scale (from ‘very important’ to ‘not important’) by forty-one experts, which led to the identification of eight factors or themes. This method, if common for researchers in this field, is not without its flaws, inasmuch as it does not take into account relations of inclusion. We would like to take this analysis a step further.
Concerning the first theme, we think it results from either a tautology (‘entrepreneurship is the study of the entrepreneur’), an inaccurate interpretation of the question or a lack of logical thinking. Themes 2, 4 and 6 seem to overlap: value can be created through an innovation, but innovation must always be a source of value creation, otherwise it is merely an invention. Innovation is a particular case of value creation. Rapid growth can be considered as a degree of value creation. Then theme 5 specifies whether this value creation should only be associated with the private sector.
Theme 7 covers several qualities and behaviours that innovative entrepreneurs or entrepreneurs initiating high-growth-potential businesses must exhibit (creating a competitive advantage, bringing a new way of thinking, identifying a market, etc.), and therefore can be linked to themes 2 and 6.
Theme 8 emphasises the classic definition of the entrepreneur as the individual who assumes all the responsibilities and the risks. Gartner highlights two groups among the experts: those who stress the importance of the entrepreneur’s characteristics, and those who focus on the results of the entrepreneur’s actions. The creation of an organization seems to be a point of convergence, although, for some of the experts,
68 Entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial system
2 entrepreneurship is linked with innovation in general
3 entrepreneurship implies the creation of an organisation
4 entrepreneurship implies the creation of value
5 some limit the scope of entrepreneurship to the private sector, some
include the public sector
6 entrepreneurship is of interest to high-growth organisations
7 entrepreneurship implies something unique
8 entrepreneurship concerns owner-managers.
Gartner simply exposes the results of his factorial analysis, which we would like to comment upon. This factorial analysis relies largely on his judgement and interpretation. Gartner proceeded with an analysis of the contents in order to bring out ninety attributes associated with the definition of entrepreneurship. These attributes were evaluated according to Lickert’s scale (from ‘very important’ to ‘not important’) by forty-one experts, which led to the identification of eight factors or themes. This method, if common for researchers in this field, is not without its flaws, inasmuch as it does not take into account relations of inclusion. We would like to take this analysis a step further.
Concerning the first theme, we think it results from either a tautology (‘entrepreneurship is the study of the entrepreneur’), an inaccurate interpretation of the question or a lack of logical thinking. Themes 2, 4 and 6 seem to overlap: value can be created through an innovation, but innovation must always be a source of value creation, otherwise it is merely an invention. Innovation is a particular case of value creation. Rapid growth can be considered as a degree of value creation. Then theme 5 specifies whether this value creation should only be associated with the private sector.
Theme 7 covers several qualities and behaviours that innovative entrepreneurs or entrepreneurs initiating high-growth-potential businesses must exhibit (creating a competitive advantage, bringing a new way of thinking, identifying a market, etc.), and therefore can be linked to themes 2 and 6.
Theme 8 emphasises the classic definition of the entrepreneur as the individual who assumes all the responsibilities and the risks. Gartner highlights two groups among the experts: those who stress the importance of the entrepreneur’s characteristics, and those who focus on the results of the entrepreneur’s actions. The creation of an organization seems to be a point of convergence, although, for some of the experts,
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