. AIM/Enduse
The AIM Enduse model is a bottom-up optimisation model with
detailed technology selection framework within a country’s energy–economy–environment
system. The technologies in the AIM
Enduse model are selected in a linear optimisation framework
where system cost is minimised under several constraints such
as satisfaction of service demand, availability of energy and material
supplies and other system constraints. System costs include
fixed costs, operating costs of technologies, energy costs and taxes
and subsidies [22]. The structure of the AIM/Enduse model is given
in Fig. 4.
‘Energy technology’ refers to a device that provides a useful ‘energy
service’ by consuming energy. ‘Energy service’ refers to a measurable
need within a sector that must be satisfied by supplying an
output from a device. Energy service can be defined either in tangible
or abstract terms [23]. Energy service demands used in this
paper are determined based on scenarios or simulation results obtained
from other models (as outlined in the previous section)