Pre-vocational services
Pre-vocational services use a traditional step-wise train and place approach to vocational rehabilitation. Training is provided in generic work skills and personal development such as self-esteem, assertiveness, and stress management (Rinaldi and Perkins 2007). Participants must learn pre-vocational and work readiness skills before they are considered ready to be placed in competitive work settings. However, placements are often sheltered through being owned by the hospital or rehabilitation agency (Corrigan et al. 2007).