integration issues are an inevitable consequence of the migration of buddhist pratices from eastern to western cultures, and from spiritual to clinical domains, indeed, buddhist practice traditionally takes place in the context of spiritual development whereby enlightenment, a state of total liberation and omniscience, is the ultimate goal. therefore, one obvious concern that buddhist teachers are likely to have regarding the ongoing integration of buddhist practices into clinical psychology is that rather than being employed for the purposes of eliciting favorable treatment outcomes for patients with psychological disorders, the buddhist teachings could actually be used to help patients achieve much more of their full human potential.