Teacher Education in Germany
University education is aff ected by the level that the candidate wants
to teach in the future, primary or high school for example. For primary or middle schools, at least 3.5 years of university education is deemed necessary while for vocational or gymnasium schools, this rises to 4.5 years. University education fi nishes with a fi rst certifi cate exam which is a multi – aspect examination. Passing of this examination is seen as attainment of reaching university level or as a requirement for movement to a higher level of education. During this second phase, the prospective teacher works with a mentor with whom they may consult and takes parts in seminars refl ecting on education, teaching and what they have taught. On completion, students take the second certifi cate exam (Froaker, 2006). Th is exam is comprised of 2 practical teaching observations, a thesis, and a two-hour examination (Pufahl, Rhodes, & Christian, 2006).