First, the input consists of the factors that drive the activities, shown by a left arrow directed into an activity box.
Second, the output is the result of doing the activities, shown by a right arrow directed out of an activity box.
Third, the control is the standard or requirement of the activity, shown by an arrow above an activity box.
Finally, the mechanism includes the resources such as staff, equipment and machines used to accomplish the activity, shown by an arrow below the activity box. The code located in the right corner of each activity box designates the rank of the activity (for example A1, A2, … , A5). A solid line represents current activities. Next, we proposed implementation best
practices to increase their efficiency as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 1.