As shown in Table 2,31the statistical analysis demon-strated a strong correlation between the levels of retinolin colostrum milk of women before and after the meal onthe first day, i.e., before maternal supplementation withvitamin A. However, the levels of retinol under postpran-dial condition on the following day after the administrationof vitamin A supplement showed a weak correlation withfasting retinol levels on the first day.One explanation for the above-mentioned weak corre-lation is that there appears to be a limit for the increasein the levels of micronutrients in breast milk, which mayoccur due to saturation of the proteins involved in trans-fer pathways of retinol from blood to the mammary gland(lipoproteins and RBP), as well as the enzymes involved inre-esterification and secretion of vitamin A in colostrum.Such situation would prevent an excessive increase of retinolin milk, indicating the existence of an adaptive mechanismto prevent the passage of excessive amounts of retinol tobreast milk, thus protecting the baby against the toxicity ofthis micronutrient.It is known that the concentration of retinol in humanserum is greatly controlled by liver homeostasis mecha-nisms. On the other hand, this study showed that thebiochemical state of retinol in breast milk can be modifiedaccording to dietary changes. Thus, for the diagnosis of thenutritional status of vitamin A, it is necessary that the milkcollection is performed under fasting conditions.This study observed an increase in retinol levels in humancolostrum under postprandial conditions and after maternalsupplementation with retinyl palmitate. This indicates thatthe mechanism of retinol transfer to the mammary glandvia chylomicrons, already known in animals, also probablyexists in humans. Furthermore, it was possible to verify theeffectiveness of maternal supplementation, indicating thatthe supply of high doses of vitamin A to women in the imme-diate postpartum period, and especially after a meal, is aneffective strategy to improve the nutritional status of retinolin lactating women and their infants.