Design and Procedures
The children with mild TBI were kept under observation; their orientation and memory were monitored using a revised version of the Westmead PTA scale. 24 This scale, administered at hourly intervals during the observation period in the emergency depart-ment, incorporated orientation items, memory for a face and name presented in a photograph, and memory for 3 pictures of common objects. The scale is suitable for use in children as young as 8 years. 25
It was readministered to each child at the time of initial assessment to check its reliability. For children 7 years or younger, the Childrens Orientation and Amnesia Test 26 was used. Only 5 children were admitted to the hospital overnight; they were ad-mitted late in the day and were still in PTA. Children were kept under observation until they were fully oriented and able to recall ongoing events. They were then discharged from the hospital, with routine instructions given to parent or guardian to contact the local doctor if they experienced additional problems.
On recruitment, which occurred at the end of the observation period, informed consent was obtained from a parent or guardian in writing. To evaluate the impact of early assessment and the provision of information, the mild TBI sample was divided into 2 subgroups. Children were alternately assigned to either the inter-vention or nonintervention subgroup after the period of observa- tion in the emergency department. Children in the intervention group and a parent or guardian were contacted within the first few days after injury and, if still willing to participate, seen within
the first week. A detailed history was taken via interview with parent and child and neuropsychological assessment performed
Design and ProceduresThe children with mild TBI were kept under observation; their orientation and memory were monitored using a revised version of the Westmead PTA scale. 24 This scale, administered at hourly intervals during the observation period in the emergency depart-ment, incorporated orientation items, memory for a face and name presented in a photograph, and memory for 3 pictures of common objects. The scale is suitable for use in children as young as 8 years. 25It was readministered to each child at the time of initial assessment to check its reliability. For children 7 years or younger, the Childrens Orientation and Amnesia Test 26 was used. Only 5 children were admitted to the hospital overnight; they were ad-mitted late in the day and were still in PTA. Children were kept under observation until they were fully oriented and able to recall ongoing events. They were then discharged from the hospital, with routine instructions given to parent or guardian to contact the local doctor if they experienced additional problems.เกี่ยวกับการสรรหาบุคลากร ซึ่งเกิดขึ้นเมื่อสิ้นสุดระยะเวลาการสังเกต แจ้งความยินยอมได้รับจากแม่หรือผู้ปกครองในการเขียน การประเมินผลกระทบของการประเมินก่อนและสำรองข้อมูล ตัวอย่างหรืออ่อนถูกแบ่งออกเป็น 2 กลุ่มย่อย มาระหว่างเด็กถูกกำหนดให้กลุ่มย่อยระหว่าง vention หรือ nonintervention หลังจากรอบระยะเวลาของ observa สเตรชันในแผนกฉุกเฉิน เด็กในกลุ่มแทรกแซง และมารดา หรือผู้ปกครองที่ติดต่อภายในสองสามวันแรกหลังบาดเจ็บ และ ถ้ายัง ยินดีที่จะเข้าร่วม เห็นภายในในสัปดาห์แรก ประวัติรายละเอียดถูกนำผ่านสัมภาษณ์กับแม่ และเด็ก และดำเนินการประเมิน neuropsychological
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