For
these treatments, however, evidence is still far from complete.
The specific role of central concepts (e.g., various cognitive processes
and parenting practices) in generating and sustaining
antisocial behavior, the connection between model-specific
processes and therapeutic change, and the integration of influences
outside of the specific models raise significant questions.
Cognitively based treatment and parent training have reduced
aggression and antisocial child behavior at home and at school
in several studies, noted in the reviews cited above. Here, too,
however, fundamental questions remain. Treatment effects are
not always replicated; treatment often leaves children with deviant
behavior above the range of normative levels; and gains
achieved with treatment are not invariably maintained. Clearly,
the need remains for more reliable, potent, and durable therapeutic
interventions for antisocial youth.