Participatory monitoring and evaluation is an umbrella term for a set of new approaches that stress the importance of taking local people’s perspectives into account and giving them a greater say in planning and managing the evaluation process. Local people, community organisations, NGOs and other stakeholder agencies decide together how to measure results and what actions should follow once this information has been collected and analysed. The emphasis on participatory goes beyond the choice of particular methods and techniques to wider consideration of who initiates and undertakes the evaluation process and who learns or benefits from the findings. Recent literature stresses the significance of attitudes and behaviours (on the part of the evaluator) as integral to a participatory approach.