PPH has been reported as one of the
independent predictors of mortality in older people (Fisher
et al. 2005). Therefore, careful interventions for PPH by
nurses are necessary. There is evidence that the rate of gastric
emptying determines the presence of PPH (Jones et al. 1998).
Xylose, which slows gastric emptying dramatically, does not
produce PPH (Vanis et al. 2011).