Behavioral Outcomes
The model in Figure 2 suggests that controllability attri-butions lead to two classes of behavior: help, because citi-zens pity an uncontrolled event, and punishment, becausethe public is angry about a controlled event. This modelis particularly compelling because it empirically supportsa relationship between knowledge structures about agroup and resulting behaviors toward them. Despite thisconceptual link, perhaps the biggest flaw in attributionresearch is that most studies have measured the effect ofattributions and emotional responses on how researchparticipantssaythey would behaviorally respond, not onhow they actually responded