2.2.3. Enzymatic hydrolysis
The hydrolysis of cellulose to sugars can be catalyzed by enzymes or by acids (diluted or concentrated). For the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, the enzymatic hydrolysis is considered to be the most promising process with very high potential (Alvira et al., 2010). Hence, the washed fibers from the pre-treatment (mainly cellulose and minor portions of hemicellulose and lignin) are enzymatically hydrolyzed to hexoses (glucose)
and pentoses (xylose) – cf. Fig. 2b. For this purpose, the fibers are diluted with water at a ratio of 1:4 w w1, then preheated to 50 C using the waste heat of the C5 fraction. By adding the enzymes (6.3 g/kg cellulose) cellulase (Celluclast 1.5 L) and beta-glucosidase (Novozyme 188) in a mass ratio of 1:10, the fibers are hydrolyzed for 48 h (Michels, 2009). The main reactions and the fractions converted to product (FCP) in the hydrolysis are given in Eqs. (1) and (2).
2.2.3. Enzymatic hydrolysisThe hydrolysis of cellulose to sugars can be catalyzed by enzymes or by acids (diluted or concentrated). For the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, the enzymatic hydrolysis is considered to be the most promising process with very high potential (Alvira et al., 2010). Hence, the washed fibers from the pre-treatment (mainly cellulose and minor portions of hemicellulose and lignin) are enzymatically hydrolyzed to hexoses (glucose)and pentoses (xylose) – cf. Fig. 2b. For this purpose, the fibers are diluted with water at a ratio of 1:4 w w1, then preheated to 50 C using the waste heat of the C5 fraction. By adding the enzymes (6.3 g/kg cellulose) cellulase (Celluclast 1.5 L) and beta-glucosidase (Novozyme 188) in a mass ratio of 1:10, the fibers are hydrolyzed for 48 h (Michels, 2009). The main reactions and the fractions converted to product (FCP) in the hydrolysis are given in Eqs. (1) and (2).
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