1. Identify a problem requiring an explanation. In selecting the problem or event, these criteria need to be considered: a. the event must pose a problem which requires a discoverable explanation, as opposed to teaching a fact, concept, or generalization. The problem must be genuinely interesting and stimulating to the learner. b. the level of the problem must be approximately matched with the level of the learner. c. the curiosity and motivation of the student are enhanced if the problem is prepared in a way which makes it appear discrepant. d. the event focuses the student on a particular problem rather than on a set of problems in general.